![]() ![]() We simply tell our application framework to use virtual threads instead of platform threads. The best part is that we don’t have to change existing Java code. That allows us to run several million (!) virtual threads with just a few operating system threads. When a virtual thread has to wait or is blocked, the platform thread will execute another virtual thread. Writing scalable applications with sequential code is made possible by allowing many virtual threads to share a platform thread (the name given to the conventional threads provided by the operating system). Anyone who has ever tried debugging a reactive application will understand what I mean. Sequential code is not only easier to write and read but also easier to debug since we can use a debugger to trace the program flow step by step, and stack traces reflect the expected call stack. Unlike reactive code, virtual threads allow programming in the familiar, sequential thread-per-request style. In Java 21, virtual threads are finalized via JDK Enhancement Proposal 444 and are thus ready for production use. In Java 19, the time had finally come: Virtual threads were introduced as a preview feature. Previous approaches, such as CompletableFuture or reactive frameworks, result in code that is extremely difficult to read and maintain.įor several years, clever developers have been working on a better solution within the scope of Project Loom. Their number is limited, and they often have to wait for events, such as the response of a database query or a remote call, or they are blocked by locks. When scaling server applications, threads are often a bottleneck. ![]() Two long-awaited features that other languages have offered for a long time are finally available in Java (for now as a preview feature): String Templates and Unnamed Patterns and Variables.A new, convenient interface, SequencedCollection, provides direct access to an ordered collection’s first and last elements.Also finalized were two new Java language features from Project Amber: Record Patterns and Pattern Matching for switch.One of the most significant innovations in the history of Java, Virtual Threads, has been finalized.Java 21 (after Java 17) is again a long-term support (LTS) release, meaning Oracle will provide free upgrades for at least five years, until September 2028 – and extended paid support until September 2031. You can download the current early access version here your first experiments. The target release date is September 19, 2022. ![]() Only bugs will be fixed, and if necessary, minor improvements will be made. This textbook is printed in four-color to aid pedagogy and reader learning.Java 21 has been in the so-called “Rampdown Phase One” since June 8, 2023, so no further JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs) will be included in the release. Throughout, the emphasis is on developing a practical approach to programming, with students encouraged to add code to existing programs rather than working with an intimidating sheet of blank paper. This book takes an “objects first” approach to teaching the traditionally difficult concepts of objects in a manipulative visual form. A large number of different, interesting projects are used to provide variety and avoid the monotony of a running problem. Language features are introduced as a response to the problems to be solved. Unlike traditional textbooks, the chapters are not ordered by language features but by software development concepts. BlueJ’s clear visualization of classes and objects means that readers can immediately appreciate the differences between them, and gain a much better understanding of the nature of an object than they would from simply reading source code. Its close integration with the BlueJ development environment allows this book to focus on key aspects of object-oriented software development from day one. This is the only introductory programming textbook that uses the BlueJ integrated development environment (IDE) to teach introductory and object-oriented programming principles using Java. Objects First with Java: A Practical Introduction Using BlueJ, 5e, is ideal for introductory courses in Java/Introduction to Programming and Object-Oriented Programming and for beginning programmers. ![]()
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